645 research outputs found

    THE EFFECT OF DEVELOPMENT OF GEOGRAPHY, VITAMIN D, WEALTH, AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY ON TUBERCULOSIS MORTALITY: THE CASE OF THE 19TH CENTURY US

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    Tuberculosis remains a major cause of international mortality, and researchers and policy advocates continue to seek a cost effective prevention and treatment. To better understand the current dilemma, this paper considers the physical and material environments associated with 19th century US tuberculosis mortality. Vitamin D was an historical remedy for tuberculosis, and sunlight-the primary source of vitamin D production and time of year-are documented here to have been associated with lower tuberculosis mortality rates. Occupations were also related with the physical environment and tuberculosis mortality, and workers in outdoor occupations, such as farmers and unskilled workers, were less likely than workers in other occupations to die from tuberculosis. Absolute wealth and agricultural productivity were associated with the likelihood of dying from tuberculosis, and people who lived in high wealth and low agriculturally productive states were less likely to die from tuberculosis.19th Century US Tuberculosis Mortality, Insolation, Wealth, Agricultural Productivity

    Lanny Ebenstein, Chicagonomics: The Evolution of Chicago Free Market Economics

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    Abstract. Few 20th century economics departments influenced the discipline as much as the University of Chicago.  Among the oldest economics departments, its most distinguished characteristics are its high profile emphasis on market solutions, the colorful figures it attracted and developed, and those it retained. None have attracted the prolific and novel research that went on to win The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.Keywords. Chicagonomics, Alfred Nobel, Free Market Economics.JEL. A10

    Pierre-AndréChiappori. Matching with Transfers: The Economics of Love and Marriage

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    Family economics is the sub-discipline in labor economics that applies household decision-making processes, household production, and fertility decisionsto understanding the family.  Gary Becker’s 1981 seminal Treatise on the Family renewed interest in the study of the economics of the household, and matching has become a foundational topic in family formation.  Since Becker’s renewed interest revitalized fertility studies and the New Home Economics, various scholars have extended this work into matching and household formation, and few have advanced the research as much as Pierre-André Chiappori.Chiappori has now summarized his and other scholars’ work into his book Matching with Transfers: The Economics of Love and Marriage(2017)

    Medically unexplained symptoms in neurology

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    AIMS - To estimate the proportion of new patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) that present to neurology out -patient services and to examine the impact of such symptoms on the patients in terms of disability, distress and outcome. Methods- Historical (MUS from 2 000 BC to 1965), narrative (non -neurological MUS) and systematic (MUS in neurology 1960 - 2000) reviews of the previous literature were conducted. A prospective cohort study of 300 newly referred out- patients was carried out in the regional neurology service in Lothian, Scotland. Patients were examined at the time of initial presentation and re- examined eight months later. Both primary and secondary care case -note were reviewed at follow up. Measures- Neurologists rated degree to which the patients' symptoms were explained by organic disease. Health status was measured using the SF -36. Anxiety and depressive disorders were examined using the PRIME MD and HAD. Outcome was measured on a Clinical Global Improvement (CGI) scale.RESULTS - The historical review of the literature found that MUS have been described since the first written texts of medicine. The narrative review showed that MUS affected both sexes, all ages, and all cultures. The systematic review of MUS in neurology found that between 30-40% of cases in neurology had MUS and the rate of misdiagnosis was less than 5%. In the field of neurology there was no information on disability, limited information on co- morbid anxiety and depressive disorders, and outcome studies were confined to conversion hysteria only. In the prospective cohort study 30% of new patients presenting to neurology out -patient clinics had MUS. They were as physically disabled by their symptoms as those with neurological disease were by theirs. They suffered from increased levels of pain and increased rates of anxiety and depression. At eight months follow up more than half the MUS patients were `just the same' or `worse'. There were no cases where unexpected neurological disease was diagnosed during the follow up which explained the patient's presenting symptoms. The patients with MUS had had multiple referrals to other specialist services as a result of MUS.CONCLUSIONS - One third of new referrals to general neurology clinics have medically unexplained symptoms. These patients are disabled and distressed. Over half of these patients remain symptomatic at eight months follow up

    Avner Offer & Gabriel Söderberg, The Nobel Factor: The Prize in Economics, Social Democracy, and The Market Turn

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    Abstract. Avner Offer and Gabriel Söderberg have written a history of the Swedish National Bank’s Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel that considers its establishment, important administrative figures, and ideological change.  The book frames the history of 20th century economic thought into liberal Swedish Social Democracy and neo-liberal economics.Keywords. Nobel factor, Nobel prize, Social democracy.JEL. B10, L66, Q18

    Jonathon Conlin, Great Economic Thinkers: An Introduction from Adam Smith to Amartya Sen

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    Abstract. Every generation of economists builds on its forebears and as the field develops.  Colins uses a variety of views, leading to a more comprehensive perspective on the history of economic thought.  Standard and new scholars in the history of economic thought are considered.  Mathematics, econometrics, and deduction are leading tools in the economic tool kit.  Nonetheless, to keep the history of economic thought as a vital tool in the economic methodology, economics is enriched by the inductive, historical perspective.Keywords. Generation of economists, Great Economic Thinkers, Adam Smith, Amartya Sen.JEL. A13, C70, D11

    The reliability of the New York Statewide Assessment Rubric for Badminton at the Commencement Level when used by a Master-Teacher, a Student-Teacher, and Peer.

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    The purpose of this study was to provide physical education professionals with empirical data that supports the current literature on authentic assessment. The recent literature points out the benefits of authentic assessment: it encourages students to think and perform at a higher level , relates to unit and curriculum goals, and it improves teacher and student accountability. A rubric is the most widely used authentic assessment tool in physical education and peer authentic assessment is a common assessment style. The New York Statewide Rubric at the Commencement Level in Badminton was the assessment tool used in the study and the students were assessed using peer assessment. Sixteen co-ed high school physical education students were involved in the study. A master-teacher, a student-teacher, and each peer used the New York Statewide Rubric at the Commencement Level in Badminton over a four day period. The results of the master-teacher, the student-teacher, and peers were put through a reliability analysis. The final statistical results support that the New York Statewide Assessment at the Commencement Level is reliable when used by a master-teacher, a student-teacher, and peer. Specific procedures and findings are presented along with a detailed discussion which includes future directions

    Richard Sylla, Hamilton: The Illustrated Biography

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    Abstract. In a time of renewed interested in Alexander Hamilton inliterature and art, recent attention reflects his near indispensable role in establishing the United States’ political institutions and economic system.  Richard Sylla has written an illustrated biography that complements this renewed interest in Alexander Hamilton.Keywords. Political economy, Economic thought, Politics, Economic system.JEL. B10, L66, Q18
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